Feed on
Posts
Comments

Retirement Investing - Retirement Investments and Tax Planning

December 5th, 2006 by Papabear

When it comes to retirement nightmares, there might be nothing worse than seeing your retirement investments, your pension, or whatever else it was you depended on to fund your retirement go up in smoke. After the dot-com stock market collapse and the Enron debacle, for example, people should know not to put all their eggs in one basket, that diversity in retirement investments can protect against losing everything.

But there’s another thing to look out for that can have the same disastrous effect on your retirement plans - Uncle Sam.

Most of us do our retirement investing with the goal of accumulating as much money in our retirement savings account as possible. When we think about taxes and our retirement investments, we generally are thinking only about whether or not we should invest with “pre-tax” dollars, use “tax-free” investments and so forth. We figure that later, when we start drawing on our retirement investments, we’ll worry about the taxes then and that, somehow, it won’t be a big deal because we supposedly won’t be in as high a tax bracket.

The truth, though, is that, without properly planning our retirement investing planning, Uncle Sam could take as much as 90% of your retirement funds!

As an example, once you reach 70 1/2, you have to begin withdrawing required minimum distributions from your retirement plan. If you don’t, you’ll have to pay a 50% penalty tax on any part of the required minimum distribution that you don’t withdraw.

If you’re still working, however, you can delay beginning your required minimum distributions until you do retire. (There are two exceptions, however. If you own at least 5% of the company or if your plan is an IRA, you have to begin taking your required minimum distribution even if you’re still working.)
Also, be aware that the payments you receive from ordinary retirement funds are taxed at regular income tax rates upon withdrawal. There’s no special ‘retirement rate’.

These payments are added to your total annual income and then taxed at the rate that applies to your income tax bracket. So, if you received a salary or earned significant income from sources other than your retirement plan, your retirement plan distributions may actually put you in a higher tax bracket than when you were simply working.

Then there is the so-called Death Tax. That is the taxes on your retirement investments that will apply should you die. They could eat up a huge portion of what you intended to leave to your heirs. One common solution nowadays is to buy a life insurance policy that will offset the estate taxes that will be charged on your Individual Retirement Account or IRA.

For many people, your tax situation in retirement could actually be more complicated than it was while you were working. And, if you’re like most people, you haven’t even thought about it. So start thinking. Consult with a professional. It’s money well spent, and if you plan to leave any serious amount of money to your heirs, they will appreciate your thoughtfulness and the fact that more money will pass to them and less will go to Uncle Sam.

    • Posted in Retirement Investing | No Comments »

    Retirement Investing - 401(a) Plans

    November 15th, 2006 by Papabear

    Much has been written about 401(k) retirement plans because they are available to so many people. However, there are other “numbered” retirement plans, although they are restricted to special groups.

    401(a) plans, also called Teacher Incentive and Teacher Matching plans, are designed specifically for school employees.

    The rules covering 401(a) plans vary from state to state and can vary within a school district so that, say, teachers get one benefit while custodians or paraprofessionals can get quite a different one. Distributions can take several forms, including lump sum, rollover or an annuity type payment.

    If you change jobs, you have the flexibility to consolidate your savings in another public sector employer’s 401(a) plan or 401(k) plan, a tax-sheltered 403(b) annuity plan, a 457 plan, or a traditional Individual Retirement Account or IRA.

    Probably the 401(a) most people are familiar with is from TIAA-CREF. Fidelity is another major player.

    403(b) plans are very similar to a 401(k) plan. The biggest difference is who is eligible to participate. While a 401(k) plan covers private-sector workers, only employees of public schools and 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organizations can participate in a 403(b) plan.

    Also, unlike the 401(k), 403(b) plan members can’t invest in individual stocks. They have money taken out of their paychecks on a pretax basis, which is then handled by a financial institution chosen by their employer. Like in a 401(k) plan, the money grows tax-deferred until retirement and is then taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn.

    Generally, the maximum contribution is $10,500 or 20% of salary, whichever is less, but they do allow for a catch-up in contributions. If you did not max out your contributions in previous years, you can contribute more than the maximum with certain annual and total restrictions.

    You may have heard 403(b) plans referred to as Tax Deferred Annuities or Tax-Sheltered Annuities. Those names come from back when the only investment options offered were for annuities, but investment options have been expanded for decades to include mutual funds.

    If you’re eligible, all these plans can make a worthwhile addition to your retirement investing options.

    • Posted in Retirement Investing | No Comments »

    Retirement Investing - Savings Bonds and Inflation

    November 13th, 2006 by Papabear

    Most of us have bought some of US Savings Bonds at one time or another.  They’ve been around in one form or another since 1776.  Many of us still do.  If you work for a major company, it’s a very easy and painless way to sock away a few dollars every payday.

    The biggest downside to savings bonds has been that the interest rate has always been very low.  Often it’s not even kept us with inflation.  That’s why the Government introduced the Series I (for inflation) savings bond.

    The interest on a Series I bond is divided into 2 parts.  There is a fixed rate that remains the same for the life of the bond.  In addition, there is an inflation-adjusted adder rate that changes every 6 months, based on the Consumer Price Index.

    The US Treasury changes the fixed rate periodically, but once you’ve bought your Series I bond, it’s locked in.  Over the last 5 years, the fixed rate component has ranged from a high of 3.6% in 2000 to a low of 1% in 2004.

    Series I bonds are worth taking a look at as part of your overall retirement savings plan, but you should also consider other alternatives.  The average rate for an insured 6-month CD is 4.69% when this is written.  You can check the current rate at Bankrate.com.  Since this is the average, some banks are obviously offering more and some less.  Our local bank is currently paying 4.4%.  Online, E-Loan’s bank is currently offering 5.5%. You can check out what they are currently offering here.  E-Loan

    Series I bonds have some advantages.  They are exempt from state and local taxes, and you don’t have to pay federal taxes on the earnings until you cash in the bond.  On the other hand, unlike a 6-month CD, you must keep a Series I bond at least a year before you can cash it in.  Also if you cash in a Series I bond before you’ve had it at least 5 years, you won’t get the last 3 months interest.

    You may be able to do better on interest at your local bank or online, but those rates aren’t guaranteed to adjust with inflation.  Check it out and compare.  In addition to federal tax deferred interest, there may be other things to consider.  Where you live and whether you must pay state and local income taxes can make a big difference.  So check with you tax advisor to see if adding Series I bonds to your retirement investments makes sense for you.

    • Posted in Retirement Investing | No Comments »

    Retirement Investing - Which Self-Employed Plan Is Best For A Growing Business

    November 11th, 2006 by Papabear

    As I’ve said before, choosing the right retirement investing plan for yourself can be a pain in the neck, and a decision you probably shouldn’t make on your own, due to the tax implications as well as the need to determine what’s financially best for you in your situation.

    While choosing a retirement investment plan might be fairly easy if you have a sole proprietorship that brings in a limited amount of income, the more successful your small business is, the more choices become available and the more variables you must consider which will affect your decision.

    For example, you may have incorporated your business, you could have employees, or you could be making an awful lot of money (don’t we wish!). You could also have a job, in addition to your business, or be over 50. All these variables, plus more, can significantly affect what self-employed retirement investing plan is best for you.

    For the self-employed, Keogh plans are the equivalent of big time corporate retirement plans, like the pension plans our parents counted on. Keogh’s can be set up either as profit-sharing plans or defined benefit pension plans

    Annual contributions to a Keogh profit-sharing plan are based on a percentage of your self-employment income (or the salary you make as an employee of your own corporation) with a $44,000 cap on contributions.

    On the other hand, if you choose a defined benefit pension plan, your contributions are based on your targeted retirement benefit. For example, if your goal is to get a $50,000 a year pension, your contributions will be based on what it will take to achieve that goal, including your income, your age, and the assumed return on your investments. (You can have a Keogh set up to give you as much as $175,000 a year.)

    However, because you have a targeted goal, you have to contribute whatever it will take to achieve that goal. If you have a bad year, your contribution won’t decrease, no matter the effect on your income. The upside is that, if you haven’t done much retirement financial planning, are getting closer to retirement age, and are making really good money, the Keogh can be a way to catch up fast because it allows you to contribute so very much more to your retirement than any other retirement program.

    Do keep in mind, though, that should you choose a Keogh and have employees, you will have to make contributions for them as well, which may affect the amount you’ll be able to set aside for yourself. So make sure you get professional advice before making your retirement investment planning choice.

    • Posted in Retirement Investing | No Comments »

    Retirement Investing - Which Self-Employed Retirement Plan Is Best For You

    November 10th, 2006 by Papabear

    When you’re self-employed, choosing the right retirement plan for yourself can be a real pain in the neck. You want to choose the retirement investing plan that brings you the best benefits with the least costs, both financial and in paperwork.

    People with small or significantly variable self-employment earnings may be better off looking at retirement investment plans that also allow them the flexibility of whether or not to make a contribution at any given time.

    For self-employed people in that situation, the best choices include SEPs and self-employed 401(k) plans.

    A SEP (Simplified Employee Pension) lets you contribute up to 20% of your self-employment income (and that percentage increases to 25% of your salary if you’re an employee of your own corporation), up to a current maximum of $44,000 a year.

    If you have employees, you can still have a SEP, and you can set up a SEP any time up to the time you file your taxes. In addition, you can vary the amount of contribution as needed since you are not locked into a specific contribution amount or percentage. This obviously can be a big plus if your income fluctuates

    However, if you make a contribution for yourself, you have to make it for all your employees. Also, be aware that you can’t take out loans against your SEP.

    On the other hand, a self-employed 401(k) plan - also called a solo and individual 401(k) - does allow loans to be taken out against it. Indeed, you can transfer your IRAs, regular 401(k), or any other pretax-retirement funds, whatever the amount, to your self-employed 401(k) account and then borrow from it.

    However, self-employed 401(k) plans are only available if you have no employees, although they can be used for multiple owners, as well as for spouses who are employees.

    Like the SEP, a self-employed 401(k) plan also allows annual contributions of up to $44,000. (By the way, maximum contributions for both SEP’s and self-employed 401(k)s can be affected by whether or not you participate in any other retirement plan. Check with your retirement investment planner or tax advisor before making your decision.)

    • Posted in Retirement Investing | No Comments »

    - Next »